H2SO4 lewis structure ?

H2SO4 lewis structure 
 is often known as Sulfuric acid. It is known as Oil of Vitriol. In most of the reactions in chemistry, we used sulfuric acid as a reagent. The acidity of H2SO4 is very strong. It is an oxoacid of S. the central S is sp³ hybridized. The geometry of the molecule around the central S atoms is tetrahedral. There are two ketonic oxygen and two -OH oxygen groups present.

Sulfuric acid is a good acidic solvent for many organic reactions. Among all the chemicals sulfuric acid is used more. To maintain the acidity of many reactions we used dilute sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid has a strong affinity toward water molecules.

interesting facts about H2SO4

H2SO4 is a strong mineral acid, it is a colorless, odorless viscous liquid in a physical state. H2SO4 is a strong oxidizing agent and has dehydrated property. The melting point and boiling point of H2SO4 are 283.46 K and 610 K respectively. It is miscible in water and the process is exothermic because some amount of heat is generated.

The vapor pressure of H2SO4 is 0.001mmHg at 20⁰C. the pKa₁ and pKa₂ of H2SO4 are -2.8 and 1.9. so, from the value of pKa, we can say that it is a very strong acid. The viscosity of the acid is 26.7 centipoise (20 °C). The density of H2SO4 is, 1.8302g/cm³. The molecular weight of sulfuric acid is 98.079 g/mol.

Contact process

In the first step of the contact process, elemental sulfur is burned to produce sulfur dioxide.

S(s) + O₂ → SO₂

In the presence of vanadium pentaoxide(V2O5) oxide as a catalyst, sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide by oxygen.

2 SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2 SO₃

Sulfur trioxide is then absorbed by sulfuric acid by 97-98% and forms oleum (H2S2O7), it is also known as fuming sulfuric acid or pyrosulfuric acid. This oleum is then diluted to get a concentrated form of sulfuric acid.

H2SO4 + SO₃ → H₂S₂O₇

H₂S₂O₇ + H₂O → 2 H2SO4

 How to draw the  H2SO4 lewis structure?

To draw the H2SO4 lewis structure, there are a few many steps we have to follow. Two types of oxygen are bonded to central S atoms, and according to this, we have to draw the H2SO4 lewis structure. After the drawing of the H2SO4 lewis structure, we can predict the different covalent characters and bond properties of H2SO4.

 in the first step, we should count the valence electrons for the H2SO4 lewis structure. In the H2SO4 lewis structure, there are three types of atoms S, O, and H present. Now S is the group 16^th element and belongs to the O family, so it has six electrons in the valence shell for S. Now O is also a group VIA element and it has also six electrons in the valence orbital. H is the group IA element and it has only one electron and that one electron can behave as a valence electron.

Now there are one S, four O, and two H atoms present. So, we added the total valence electrons for individual atoms. The total valence electrons for the H2SO4 lewis structure are, [(5*6) +(1*2)] = 32 electrons.

According to the Octet rule, in the H2SO4 lewis structure, the required number of valence electrons will be, [(2*2)+(5*8)]=44 electrons. But in the H2SO4 the valence electrons are 32. So, the required number of electrons will be 44*32 =12 electrons. These shortages of 12 electrons can be accumulated by a suitable number of bonds. So, the required number of bonds in the H2SO4 lewis structure is 12/2 =6 bonds. So, in the H2SO4 lewis structure, there will be a minimum of six bonds are required.

 H2SO4 hybridization

In the H2SO4 lewis structure, there are different atoms are present with different orbitals, whose energy is different. To make a successive covalent bond they undergo hybridization to form a new equal number of hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy. Here we predict the central atom hybridization of the H2SO4 lewis structure, which is sp³ hybridized.

We used the formula to predict the hybridization of the H2SO4 lewis structure is,

H = 0.5(V+M-C+A), where H= hybridization value, V is the number of valence electrons in the central atom, M = monovalent atoms surrounded, C=no. of cation, A=no. of the anion.

In the H2SO4 lewis structure, the central atom S has six valence electrons and only four electrons are involved in the sigma bond formation and four O atoms are present at the surrounding position.

So, the hybridization of central S in the H2SO4 lewis structure is, ½(4+4+0+) = 4 (sp³)

From the hybridization table we can conclude that if the number of orbital involved in the hybridization is four then the central  atom is sp³ hybridized.

Goutam education academy
http://goutameducation.com/